Last spring frost
May 12
Frost Dates for Mountain Plains, SD
First fall frost
Oct 2
Growing season
143 days
Hardiness zone
5b
In an average year around Mountain Plains, SD, the last spring frost (32°F) is about May 12 and the first fall frost is about Oct 2, giving roughly a 143-day growing season. To be safe most years, wait until Apr 29 before setting out tender plants.
Last spring frost
Dates the last frost of spring typically ends. Plant tender crops after the risk has passed for your comfort level.
| Frost intensity | Early (10%) | Average (50%) | Late (90%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light (36°F) | Jun 4 | May 22 | May 11 |
| Freeze (32°F) | May 25 | May 12 | Apr 29 |
| Hard (28°F) | May 14 | Apr 30 | Apr 16 |
| Severe (24°F) | Apr 30 | Apr 18 | Apr 3 |
Show full probability table (all thresholds & percentiles)
| °F | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Jun 4 | May 31 | May 28 | May 25 | May 22 | May 20 | May 18 | May 15 | May 11 |
| 32°F | May 25 | May 20 | May 17 | May 15 | May 12 | May 9 | May 6 | May 3 | Apr 29 |
| 28°F | May 14 | May 9 | May 5 | May 2 | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 20 | Apr 16 |
| 24°F | Apr 30 | Apr 27 | Apr 24 | Apr 21 | Apr 18 | Apr 15 | Apr 12 | Apr 7 | Apr 3 |
| 20°F | Apr 22 | Apr 18 | Apr 14 | Apr 11 | Apr 8 | Apr 5 | Apr 2 | Mar 29 | Mar 20 |
| 16°F | Apr 16 | Apr 11 | Apr 6 | Apr 3 | Mar 31 | Mar 29 | Mar 23 | Mar 17 | Mar 9 |
First fall frost
Dates the first frost of fall typically arrives. Count back by a crop's days-to-maturity to know your planting cutoff.
| Frost intensity | Early (10%) | Average (50%) | Late (90%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light (36°F) | Sep 9 | Sep 25 | Oct 6 |
| Freeze (32°F) | Sep 21 | Oct 2 | Oct 17 |
| Hard (28°F) | Sep 29 | Oct 12 | Oct 25 |
| Severe (24°F) | Oct 5 | Oct 20 | Nov 4 |
Show full probability table (all thresholds & percentiles)
| °F | 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36°F | Sep 9 | Sep 15 | Sep 19 | Sep 22 | Sep 25 | Sep 27 | Sep 30 | Oct 1 | Oct 6 |
| 32°F | Sep 21 | Sep 26 | Sep 29 | Oct 1 | Oct 2 | Oct 5 | Oct 9 | Oct 13 | Oct 17 |
| 28°F | Sep 29 | Oct 2 | Oct 6 | Oct 9 | Oct 12 | Oct 15 | Oct 18 | Oct 21 | Oct 25 |
| 24°F | Oct 5 | Oct 10 | Oct 14 | Oct 17 | Oct 20 | Oct 24 | Oct 27 | Oct 31 | Nov 4 |
| 20°F | Oct 12 | Oct 17 | Oct 22 | Oct 25 | Oct 29 | Nov 1 | Nov 5 | Nov 9 | Nov 16 |
| 16°F | Oct 20 | Oct 26 | Oct 30 | Nov 2 | Nov 5 | Nov 9 | Nov 13 | Nov 19 | Nov 24 |
Growing season is measured at 32°F with about 50% probability. Hardiness zone from the 2023 USDA map; frost normals from NOAA 1991-2020.
Where this data comes from
@endif These dates are computed from the nearest official weather station with long-term records: Spearfish, Sd, about 3.9 miles away@if(!empty($station['elevation_ft'])), at 3,633 ft elevation. The further the station and the greater the elevation difference from your yard, the more your local frost timing can vary.
How we calculate these dates
Frost and freeze dates come from the NOAA 1991–2020 U.S. Climate Normals, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's 30-year averages for each weather station. A date shown at the 50% level is the median: in half of years the frost falls on or before it. The 10% and 90% columns show the early and late ends of the range, so you can plant on the odds you're comfortable with. These are long-term averages, not a forecast for this year - always check your local outlook before planting.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 1991–2020 Climate Normals (public domain). Harman is not affiliated with or endorsed by NOAA.
Frequently asked questions
When is the last frost in Mountain Plains, SD?
On average, the last spring frost (32°F) around Mountain Plains, SD is about May 12. In cooler years it can run later, so for a safer bet many gardeners wait until Apr 29.
When is the first frost in the fall?
The first fall frost around Mountain Plains, SD typically arrives about Oct 2. Count back by a crop's days to maturity to find the latest date you can plant it.
When can I plant tomatoes and other tender crops?
Tender crops like tomatoes, peppers and basil are damaged by frost, so wait until the last spring frost has passed - around May 12 on average, or Apr 29 to be safe most years.
How long is the growing season here?
The frost-free growing season (between the last spring and first fall 32°F frost) is about 143 days in a typical year.
Are these dates a forecast for this year?
No. They are 30-year averages from the NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals, not a prediction for the current year. Use them for planning and always check your local weather forecast before planting or protecting crops.
Local weather for 57783 Planting calendar → South Dakota frost dates →
Data source: NOAA 1991–2020 Climate Normals · Page updated Aug 4, 2026