Barley as a Cover Crop
Grass cover crop
Barley is a fast-growing annual cereal grass often used as a cover crop in gardens and on small farms. It establishes quickly, tolerates a range of soils, and is valued for holding ground over the cool months and adding organic matter when turned under. Many growers choose it as a nurse crop or a short-term cover between cash crops.
Benefits
Barley builds soil by producing an extensive fibrous root system and abundant top growth that add organic matter once incorporated. Its dense stand and quick canopy help suppress weeds and shade out early-season competition. The roots hold soil in place and reduce erosion from wind and rain, while the plant takes up loose soil nutrients and returns them as the residue breaks down. As a grass it does not fix nitrogen, so it is often paired with a legume when added nitrogen is a goal.
When to plant
Barley is usually planted in late summer or early fall for a cool-season cover, and it can also be sown in early spring in many regions. Growers commonly broadcast or drill the seed into a firm, prepared bed and lightly cover it for good soil contact. General seeding ranges vary with region and method, so check with your local Cooperative Extension office for a rate suited to your area.
Growing it
Barley germinates and establishes rapidly in cool weather and does best in well-drained soils, tolerating drier and even somewhat alkaline conditions better than some other cereals. It prefers moderate temperatures and generally handles cold less well than rye, so hardiness through winter depends heavily on your local climate. Management is minimal once the stand is up, though adequate soil moisture during establishment helps produce a strong, even cover.
Ending the cover crop
Barley can be ended without chemicals by mowing, by crimping or rolling once it reaches the flowering stage, or by turning the plants into the soil with a shovel, fork, or tiller before it sets seed. Terminating before seed forms helps prevent unwanted volunteer plants in the next crop. In colder regions a fall-planted stand may winterkill on its own, leaving a residue mat that can be worked in or planted through in spring.
Best for
Barley suits gardeners and small farmers who want a quick, easy-to-establish cool-season cover on well-drained or drier ground, especially for short windows between crops. It is a good fit where fast weed suppression and soil protection are the main goals, and it pairs well with a legume when added nitrogen is desired.
General guidance for US growers. Seeding rates and regional mixes vary; your local Cooperative Extension office and NRCS can help you plan. Page updated Aug 4, 2026.