Leaf Mold
Method
Leaf mold is a soil conditioner made by decomposing leaves on their own. It is slower than mixed compost but simple to make and especially useful for gardeners with abundant fall leaves. The finished material is valued for improving soil structure and moisture holding.
How it works
Fungi are the main decomposers in leaf mold, gradually breaking down leaf tissue over time. Because the process uses mostly brown material, it does not usually heat up like an active compost pile. Moisture and contact between leaves help fungi colonize and soften the pile. Over time, the leaves collapse into a dark, loose material with an earthy smell.
Details
Collect leaves in a pile, wire enclosure, or breathable bags and moisten them if they are dry. Shredding leaves first helps them pack more evenly and decompose faster. Turn or fluff the pile occasionally if it becomes matted, but frequent mixing is not required. Let the leaves sit until they lose their original shape and become crumbly.
Tips
Mix different leaf types if possible because some leaves mat more tightly than others. Keep the pile damp through dry periods so fungal activity can continue. Reserve undecomposed leaves as mulch and use finished leaf mold where better soil texture is needed.
General guidance for US home gardens. For local guidance and any rules on composting, contact your Cooperative Extension office. Page updated Aug 4, 2026.